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Artificial intelligence (AI) may seem like a great tool or helper that always seems to have just the right answer. However, just like with real people, AI is not right every time nor does it always know the correct answer. Unlike with real people, however, AI does not always know how to say “I don’t know”. Instead, some AI models will attempt to formulate a realistic, solid-sounding answer, even if it is not correct. This is known as an AI hallucination. Essentially, an AI model will “creating outputs that are nonsensical or altogether inaccurate” based on whatever data or information it has access to (IBM). While this can be humorous in some cases, it can also result in confusion and lead to the spread of misinformation. The potential for misinformation is escalated as AI becomes used more commonly, such as how Google’s web search includes an “AI Overview” that tries to summarize results of web searches for users.

Not only that, but AI may return different results depending on how you word your input or question. Including the right keywords in your input may cause the AI to hallucinate in a specific direction. Some AI models pull data from all across the Internet, including data that is factually incorrect or even harmful, which could result in some AI models providing harmful, hateful, or otherwise useless/incorrect information. Thus, if you are going to use AI in any capacity, it is always best practice to fact-check whatever answers it provides with reliable sources. After all, while it may sound plausible, it could be an AI hallucination. Alternatively, simply avoiding and/or strictly limiting the use of AI is another means to avoid misinformation via hallucination.

Try It Yourself: Determine the Hallucination

As an exercise, six test searches have been performed, all regarding the same subject: the existence of a McDonald’s fast food chain location at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. Each of these searches were performed using the Google Search engine, and the AI responses were all generated from Google’s AI Overview. Three searches result in the overview claiming that there is a McDonald’s location at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, while three result in the overview claiming that there is no longer a McDonald’s at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.

Question: “when does smithsonian mcdonald’s open”

Question: “smithsonian mcdonald’s opening hours”

Question: “when does the mcdonald’s at 6th Street and Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20560 close”

Question: “what time does the mcdonald’s at the smithsonian close”

Question: “what are the hours of mcdonald’s at the smithsonian”

Question: “is there a mcdonalds at the smithsonian”

Your job, dear reader, is to research and determine the right answer to this question: as of November and December 2025, is there a McDonald’s at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum?

Resources & Further Reading

IBM. “What Are AI Hallucinations?” IBM, IBM, 1 Sept. 2023, http://www.ibm.com/think/topics/ai-hallucinations.

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